Earnings

Earnings

Family Rewards had the largest effects on long-term annual earnings (an average of $6,342 per year). The Family Rewards program provided cash incentives to families with low income for completing activities related to children’s education, family health, and parents’ work and education, with the goal of reducing immediate hardship and long-term poverty.

Employment

Employment

Jobs-First Greater Avenues for Independence (GAIN) Program had the largest effects on long-term employment (an average of 6 percentage points). Jobs-First GAIN emphasized a rapid employment strategy to help recipients of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) improve their earnings and employment outcomes. 

Public benefit receipt

Public benefit receipt

Prenatal and Infancy Home Visiting by Nurses had the largest effects on long-term benefit receipt (decreasing the amount of public benefits received by $2,278 per year). Prenatal and Infancy Home Visiting by Nurses provided home visits intended to promote family economic self-sufficiency by improving maternal life-course outcomes. The program focused on increasing employment, decreasing public benefit usage, and improving family planning.

Effects on long-term benefit receipt

$2,278

Decrease long-term benefit receipt

Education and training

Education and training

Good Transitions had the largest effects on education and training (increasing the attainment of a degree or credential by an average of 15 percentage points). Good Transitions served noncustodial parents with low income by providing subsidized employment combined with case management and training to help them connect to stable employment.

Fathers Advancing Community Together (FACT)

Intervention (standard name)

FACT helped parents with low incomes achieve financial and employment stability through a variety of supports. The main method was intensive case management to help parents set personal goals and, for those with an open child support case, to help manage child support payments. Participants also had access to workshops on healthy relationships, parenting, career assistance, and financial literacy during their enrollment in FACT. In addition, participants could access subsidized employment or transitional employment, therapy sessions, and legal assistance.

Empowering Families

Intervention (standard name)

The Empowering Families program offered couples eight workshops that combined the Family Wellness curriculum on healthy marriage and relationship education with job assistance and financial literacy services. Career counselors provided services to promote job readiness, such as resume and interview training, and job placement assistance. Financial coaches also helped couples identify financial goals and create a plan to reach those goals.. The program provided services to parenting couples with low income.

Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Justice-Involved Individuals Seeking Employment (CBI-Emp)

CBI-Emp offers 31 group sessions developed by the University of Cincinnati Corrections Institute, including skill- and application-based sessions. The intervention primarily supported soft skills development. Skill-based sessions taught participants positive social skills to manage employment challenges, and application sessions provided participants with support for building individual plans for success in the workplace.