Intervention group participants were referred to local and statewide alcohol treatment, given bus fare to these facilities, and paid to provide data on their use of health services at biweekly check-ins with program staff.

Intervention group participants were referred to local and state alcohol treatment services, were provided with bus fare to these facilities, and were paid to provide data on their use of health services at biweekly check-ins with program staff.

In the first two-month phase, intervention group participants were housed in Project H&ART residences and received group and individual therapy (one or two sessions per week), art therapy, psychodrama, group education classes, and weekly recreational events. Intervention participants were also required to attend AA or NA meetings daily. In the second two-month phase, intervention group participants primarily received case management designed to encourage them to search for employment and develop soft skills.

Intervention group participants were referred to local and statewide alcohol treatment, paid bus fare to these facilities, and paid to provide data on their use of health services at biweekly check-ins with program staff.

Eligible participants were adults experiencing homelessness who had alcohol use disorders; who lived in or near Albuquerque, NM, for three months or more; and who did not have serious disabilities or dependent children. The intervention lasted four months.   

Throughout the program, intervention group participants lived in Project H&ART residences. In the first two-month phase, participants attended group and individual therapy (one to two sessions per week), art therapy, psychodrama, group education classes, and weekly recreational events. Intervention participants also attended AA or NA meetings daily, which was required. In the second two-month phase, intervention group participants primarily received case management, which encouraged them to search for employment and to develop soft skills.

Participants in the Housing Without Peer Support program were provided with community-based housing (apartment- or motel-based) and subject to random alcohol and drug testing. Participants were also required to monitor their use of substance abuse and rehabilitation services, as well as other services received in the community, twice per week. Services were generally unsupervised.

The intervention housed participants in substance- and cost-free Project H&ART residences. Residence managers who were themselves recovering from substance use disorders provided participants with support. They encouraged participants to set personal goals and build peer support networks. Participants were required to (1) remain alcohol and drug free (as determined by random drug tests), (2) attend weekly community meetings, and (3) inform residence managers twice weekly about any other community services received.

The intervention housed participants in substance- and cost-free Project H&ART residences. Residence managers who were themselves recovering from substance use disorders provided participants with support, encouraged them to set personal goals, and helped them build peer support networks. Participants were required to (1) remain alcohol and drug free (as determined by random drug tests), (2) attend weekly community meetings, and (3) inform residence managers twice weekly about any other community services received.

Throughout the program, intervention group participants lived in Project H&ART residences. In the first two-month phase, participants attended group and individual therapy (one to two sessions per week), art therapy, psychodrama, group education classes, and weekly recreational events. Intervention participants also attended AA or NA meetings daily, which was required. In the second two-month phase, intervention group participants primarily received case management, which encouraged them to search for employment and to develop soft skills.

The ChalleNGe program consisted of three phases. In Phase 1, participants attended a two-week, intensive orientation and assessment. Following this orientation, participants were formally enrolled in the program and considered cadets. The cadets then began Phase 2, which consisted of a 20-week education program focused on preparation for the GED exam and positive youth development. Phases 1 and 2 required the cadets to live on-site and experience a quasi-military environment. During Phase 3, the cadets participated in a nonresidential structured mentoring program for a year.