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This study is a randomized controlled trial. To qualify for study enrollment, individuals had to (1) be enrolled in the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) cash assistance program, (2) not previously have completed a Sacramento County Department of Human Assistance (DHA) job club, (3) have been deemed a suitable candidate by program staff, and (4) consent to study participation. Random assignment took place from 2016 to 2018, with 493 participants randomly assigned to either the intervention condition (Standard Job Club) or the comparison condition (Fast Track Job Club).
Study participants were randomly assigned between April 2016 and July 2017. The study followed participants for three quarters after they completed the eight-week program.
Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, within ACF at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
All participants received public welfare benefits via CalWORKs. Most (70 percent) participants identified as female, 35 percent of participants identified as Black, 34 percent identified as White, and 15 percent identified as Hispanic (15 percent of participants did not disclose their race). About one-quarter (24 percent) of participants lacked a high-school diploma or equivalent certificate, whereas about 42 percent had at least some college education. Average earnings in the year before random assignment were around $6,800.
Sacramento County Department of Human Assistance (DHA)
Both the Standard Job Club and Fast Track Job Club began operations in 2016. Sacramento County's DHA developed and operated both programs.
Intervention group members enrolled in a Standard Job Club. This consisted of an eight-week program broken into three-week and five-week segments. The first segment required that enrollees attend one week of daily eight-hour group classes on workplace behavior skills and two weeks of daily eight-hour group classes on job-search skills. The second segment required that enrollees complete five weeks of supervised job search. During this time, enrollees had to make daily trips to the Standard Job Club office, where they receive individual assistance from program staff.
Comparison group members enrolled in a Fast Track Job Club. The eight-week program was broken into three-and-one-half-day and seven-week segments. The first segment required that enrollees attend three days of eight-hour daily group classes on job-search skills and one half day of individual meetings and activities with Fast Track Job Club staff. The second segment required that enrollees complete seven weeks of independent job search. During this time, enrollees had to make weekly trips to the Fast Track Job Club office to meet with program staff. Noncompliance with the program could lead to enrollees losing part of their cash assistance.
Noncompliance with the program could lead to enrollees losing part of their CalWORKS cash assistance benefit.
Both the Standard Job Club and Fast Track Job Club were eight-week programs.
CalWorks (California Temporary Assistance for Needy Families)
This study took place in Sacramento, CA. Services were provided at eight Sacramento County DHA offices.
Job quality