Earnings

Earnings

Parent Success Initiative (PSI) had the largest effects on long-term annual earnings (an average of $983 per year). PSI provided noncustodial parents with low incomes support in finding work with the goal of improving participants’ employment skills and ability to pay child support.

These are the five interventions with the largest effects. See Exhibit 1 for all interventions.
Employment

Employment

Welfare Restructuring Project (WRP) had the largest effects on long-term employment (an average of 5 percentage points). The WRP created a work requirement for single parents and for two-parent families with a disabled or unemployed parent receiving cash assistance. It also provided financial incentives to work, with a goal of encouraging employment and reducing reliance on welfare.

These are the five interventions with the largest effects. See Exhibit 1 for all interventions.
Public benefit receipt

Public benefit receipt

Parent Success Initiative (PSI) had the largest effects on long-term benefit receipt (decreasing the amount of public benefits received by $503 per year). PSI provided noncustodial parents with low incomes support in finding work with the goal of improving participants’ employment skills and ability to pay child support.

Effects on long-term benefit receipt

Parent Success Initiative (PSI)
$503

Decrease long-term benefit receipt

Education and training

Education and training

Supporting Families Through Work (SFTW) had the largest effects on education and training (increasing the attainment of a degree or credential by an average of 3 percentage points). SFTW provided noncustodial parents with low incomes with support to find transitional jobs; SFTW’s goal was to improve employment outcomes and participants’ ability to pay child support.

These are the five interventions with the largest effects. See Exhibit 1 for all interventions.

Minnesota Tier 2

Intervention (standard name)
Minnesota Tier 2

Participation in Tier 2 was mandatory and could be enforced by sanctioning TANF benefits. Participants worked with Tier 2 case managers from local service providers, who had caseloads of 25 to 30 cases rather than the 75 to 100 cases of a typical Tier 1 case manager. Case managers performed detailed assessments of clients to identify the underlying challenges affecting them and their families and then referred clients to services that addressed those challenges. They also monitored participation, including through home visits.

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