Ethics, Discipline, Goals, Employment (EDGE) - Basic Community College Services (BCCS) group provided light case management to new and current SNAP work registrants, focusing on able-bodied adults without dependents (ABAWDs), and offered a choice of three pathways—academic (basic education, post-secondary education, or occupational skills training), work (subsidized or unsubsidized employment), or life skills (work or behavioral skills). Career navigators at participating community colleges provided limited case management and support services, with up to two contacts per month.

Employment Opportunities, Personalized Services, Individualized Training, and Career Planning (EPIC) provided enhanced case management support, expanded occupational skills training, and offered a broad array of support services targeted to two groups of SNAP participants-unemployed or underemployed SNAP work registrants with low skills or limited work experience and those who were working but needed additional skills to increase earnings.

The EleVAte program placed able-bodied adults without dependents (ABAWD) SNAP participants into one of three service components based on a reading level assessment and training interests: a hybrid online and in-person basic adult education program, a short-term occupational skills training course, or a longer-term occupational skills training course with integrated basic education.

Child First was a home visiting program for families with children from birth through age 5 where caregivers were experiencing challenges with their own mental health or their children’s behavior problems; it provided both care coordination and a trauma-informed intervention aimed at promoting executive functioning and healthy family relationships. Care coordination involved a home visitor connecting families to available and relevant resources.

California Bridge Academy provided enhanced SNAP Employment and Training (E&T) Services, including 18 months of intensive case management, GED preparation classes, referrals to occupational skills training or postsecondary education, subsidized employment, job search assistance, support services, and financial incentives for upgrading skill and remaining in services.

Bridges to Success was an intensive adult mentoring and comprehensive case management program where mentors worked with participants over two years to identify their short- and long-term goals, create step-by-step plans for progress, and provide cash incentives for completing planned steps. Bridges to Success adapted a Mobility Mentoring approach for implementation in Rochester, NY.

The Baby’s First Years (BFY) Unconditional Cash Transfer provided monthly, predictable unconditional cash transfers to new mothers with low-income to increase household financial resources and encourage investments in child development during the first years of children’s lives. Mothers were given a debit card in the hospital, and a cash gift of $333 was loaded into the card monthly. Mothers also had access to a hotline number for assistance with the card use. There were no work-related requirements and no restrictions on how mothers could spend the cash gifts. 

A registered nurse visited participants at home during pregnancy and their child’s infancy. The nurse promoted healthy prenatal behaviors, parent–child interactions, and practices to encourage the child’s emotional and cognitive development. The nurse helped participants address barriers that prevented them from completing education and finding work. Mothers also received free transportation to and from scheduled prenatal care appointments. After the child was born, the child received developmental screening and referral services when they were 6, 12, and 24 months old.

Twenty-four grantees offered the RExO program, including national nonprofits, faith-based community organizations, community health organizations, and local or regional nonprofits. The exact bundle of services each grantee provided varied significantly. In all programs, case managers coordinated service delivery and supported participants. Most grantees offered group mentoring for participants, and a smaller subset offered individual mentoring.

MI-GPS participants worked with a TANF-employed career development facilitator or coach to set and support progress toward their employment-related goals. Once participants set goals, the coaches worked with participants to identify and complete small activities to advance their goals. The coaches let participants have ownership of their goal-setting process and activities. Coaches typically encouraged participants to develop incremental goals that they could accomplish in three to six months. People could only receive MI-GPS services while they received TANF benefits.