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Study Name
Family Self-Sufficiency (FSS) Program
Study Sharepoint ID
26599
Evaluation name
National Family Self-Sufficiency Impact Evaluation
Intervention (standard name)
Strength of Evidence Tag
Reason for the Rating

This study received a high study quality rating because it is a low-attrition randomized controlled trial with no known issues that suggest the findings cannot be attributed to the intervention.

This study received a high study quality rating because it is a low-attrition randomized controlled trial with no known issues that suggest the findings cannot be attributed to the intervention.

Settings in which the intervention was studied
Characteristics

Subgroups

Subgroup data - Female
No
Subgroup data - Male
No
Subgroup data - White
No
Subgroup data - Black
No
Percent female
90.60
Percent Male
9.40
Percent Any postsecondary education
72.30
Percent No high school diploma or GED
14.00
Percent With a high school diploma or GED
85.90
Percent Married
14.50
Percent Employed
56.20
Percent general low-income population
100.00
Percent Black or African American
73.30
Percent Hispanic or Latino of any race
15.80
Percent White not Hispanic
6.70
Percent another race
4.20
Mean age
39.00
Group formation formatted

Eighteen public housing agencies across seven states recruited and randomly assigned households receiving Housing Choice Voucher assistance to an intervention or a comparison condition from October 2013 to December 2014. Applicants were heads of household and were eligible if they were not currently participating in FSS, were age 18 or older, and were in good standing with the housing authority. Participants had either undergone annual or interim recertification in the 120 days before enrollment, or did a new certification at the time of enrollment. Interested individuals often attended orientation, enrolled, and could begin goal setting in the same day. Participants signed a contract of participation and completed an individualized plan at enrollment. A total of 2,656 households were randomly assigned to the intervention or comparison condition. Some households withdrew voluntarily, were determined to be ineligible for FSS, or had heads of household age 62 or older and were removed from the study, leaving 2,556 households (1,285 in the intervention group and 1,271 in the comparison group).

Study timing formatted

The program was scheduled to be studied for five years. This study includes findings through Year 2.

Study funding formatted

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

Sample Characteristics

Individuals involved in the study were heads of households receiving public housing assistance. Participants were between the ages of 19 and 61 and had an average age of 39. Most were female (91 percent); single (84 percent); and Black, not Hispanic (73 percent). About one-third had received a Housing Choice Voucher for 10 years or more, and only 5 percent had received a voucher less than a year ago.

Implementing organization formatted

Public housing authorities

Program history

The FSS program was established in 1990 and operates at about 700 public housing agencies.

Treatment condition formatted

Heads of Housing Choice Voucher households worked with case managers who helped participants set self-sufficiency goals, including at least one employment-related and one cash assistance goal, and get referrals to needed services such as employment, education, financial management, or counseling services. Families with housing vouchers paid 30 percent of any increases in earnings toward rent. For participants in the intervention condition, the increase in rent was credited to an escrow account that earns interest. If the head of household was employed and completes their goals, and no family members received Temporary Assistance for Needy Families for at least 12 months, participants received the amount in their escrow account; if participants exited the program without completing their goals, they did not receive the funds. Typically, goals had to be completed within five years.

Comparison condition formatted

Individuals assigned to the comparison group could not participate in FSS or build escrow through FSS for three years after enrollment. They received information about community services.

Mandatory services formatted

None

Timing of study formatted

Participants typically received services for up to five years, with the possibility of extending for two additional years. When participants met their goals, they exited the program and received their escrow account funds, even if this was before five years had passed.

Program funding formatted

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

Setting details formatted

The program took place in 18 public housing agencies across 7 states: California, Florida, Maryland, Missouri, New Jersey, Ohio, and Texas. Housing authorities varied in size and urbanicity.

Delivered by public or private entity?
Public
Secondary domains examined

None

Earliest publication year
2019
Most recent publication year
2019
Manuscripts
Check edits flag
No
Primary Service
Financial incentives
Enrollment Period
October 2013 to December 2014
Intervention Duration
84.00
Subgroup data - Hispanic
No