Study quality: 
High
HighReason for the rating: This study received a high study quality rating because it is a low-attrition randomized controlled trial with no known issues that suggest the findings cannot be attributed to the intervention.
Intervention: Jobs for Independence
Population and employment barriers:
Age, Educational attainment, Employment status, Public Benefits Recipients
Services provided:
Basic skills/bridge programs, Case management, Employment coaching, Housing supports and subsidies, Job readiness, Job search assistance, Mental health services, On-the-job training, Performance- or behavior-based financial incentives, Soft skills training, Subsidized employment/transitional jobs, Transportation assistance, Work supports
Setting: Tested in multiple settings
Results
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| Outcome domain | Measure | Timing | Study quality by finding | Comparison group mean | Intervention group mean | Impact | Units | Findings | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase short-term earnings | Annual earnings | Year 1 |
High
|
6,759.00 | 6,581.00 | -178.00 | 2017 dollars |
|
2,756 |
| Increase long-term earnings | Annual earnings | Year 3 |
High
|
7,828.00 | 7,880.00 | 52.00 | 2019 dollars |
|
2,756 |
| Increase short-term employment | Average number of quarters employed | Year 1 |
High
|
1.90 | 1.80 | -0.10 | quarters |
|
2,756 |
| Increase short-term employment | Ever employed, quarterly | Quarter 6 |
High
|
44.90 | 45.40 | 0.50 | percentage points |
|
2,756 |
| Increase long-term employment | Average number of quarters employed | Years 1, 2, and 3 |
High
|
5.20 | 5.20 | quarters |
|
2,756 | |
| Increase long-term employment | Ever employed, quarterly | Quarter 12 |
High
|
37.20 | 38.30 | 1.10 | percentage points |
|
2,756 |
| Decrease short-term benefit receipt | Amount of AFDC/TANF benefits, annual | Year 1 |
High
|
147.00 | 118.00 | -29.00 | 2017 dollars |
|
2,756 |
| Decrease short-term benefit receipt | Amount of food stamps/SNAP benefits, annual | Year 1 |
High
|
1,823.00 | 1,827.00 | 4.00 | 2017 dollars |
|
2,756 |
| Decrease short-term benefit receipt | Medicaid, annual | Year 1 |
High
|
92.30 | 92.00 | -0.30 | percentage points |
|
2,756 |
| Decrease short-term benefit receipt | Received AFDC/TANF, annual | Year 1 |
High
|
5.50 | 4.90 | -0.60 | percentage points |
|
2,756 |
| Decrease short-term benefit receipt | Received food stamps/SNAP, annual | Year 1 |
High
|
98.80 | 99.00 | 0.20 | percentage points |
|
2,756 |
| Decrease long-term benefit receipt | Amount of AFDC/TANF benefits, annual | Year 3 |
High
|
176.00 | 180.00 | 4.00 | 2019 dollars |
|
2,756 |
| Decrease long-term benefit receipt | Amount of food stamps/SNAP benefits, annual | Year 3 |
High
|
1,350.00 | 1,292.00 | -58.00 | 2019 dollars |
|
2,756 |
| Decrease long-term benefit receipt | Medicaid, annual | Year 3 |
High
|
77.70 | 76.80 | -0.90 | percentage points |
|
2,756 |
| Decrease long-term benefit receipt | Received AFDC/TANF, annual | Year 3 |
High
|
5.90 | 5.30 | -0.60 | percentage points |
|
2,756 |
| Decrease long-term benefit receipt | Received food stamps/SNAP, annual | Year 3 |
High
|
63.20 | 60.50 | -2.70 | percentage points |
|
2,756 |
Short-term outcomes are those measured 18 months or fewer after participants are first offered services. Long-term outcomes are those measured between 18 months and 5 years after participants are first offered services. Very long-term outcomes are those measured 5 years or more after participants are first offered services.
Findings quality key:
- High
Moderate
The findings quality describe our confidence that a given study’s finding is because of the intervention. We do not display findings that rate low.
Findings key:
A moderate-to-large favorable finding that is unlikely to be due to chance
A moderate-to-large favorable finding that might to be due to chance
A small favorable finding that is unlikely to be due to chance- A small favorable finding that might be due to chance
A favorable finding that is unlikely to be due to chance, but we cannot determine the standardized effect size
A favorable finding that might be due to chance, but we cannot determine the standardized effect size
A moderate-to-large unfavorable finding that is unlikely to be due to chance
A moderate-to-large unfavorable finding that might to be due to chance
A small unfavorable finding that is unlikely to be due to chance- A small unfavorable finding that might be due to chance
An unfavorable finding that is unlikely to be due to chance, but we cannot determine the standardized effect size- An unfavorable finding that might be due to chance, but we cannot determine the standardized effect size
A finding that is unlikely to be due to chance, but we cannot determine the standardized effect size or direction
A finding of no effect that might be due to chance
View the glossary for more information about these and other terms used on this page.
The Pathways Clearinghouse refers to interventions by the names used in study reports or manuscripts. Some intervention names may use language that is not consistent with our style guide, preferences, or the terminology we use to describe populations.
101036.12-Study of Jobs for In