Earnings

Earnings

Second Chance Act (SCA) Adult Demonstration had the largest effects on long-term annual earnings (an average of $6,233 per year). The SCA Adult Demonstration Program aimed to reduce recidivism among adults who were recently incarcerated and were assessed as being at medium or high risk of recidivism. The program provided reentry services, including case management, education and training, employment assistance, treatment for substance use disorder, and mental health services.

Employment

Employment

Transitional Jobs Reentry Demonstration (TJRD) had the largest effects on long-term employment (an average of 11 percentage points). The TJRD provided people who were formerly incarcerated with job search and placement assistance and subsidized employment opportunities to help reduce recidivism and increase self-sufficiency among participants.

Public benefit receipt

Public benefit receipt

Ready, Willing and Able Pathways2Work (Pathways) had the largest effects on long-term benefit receipt (decreasing the amount of public benefits received by $404 per year). Pathways provided job-readiness training, case management, transitional jobs, and subsidized internships to people recently released from prison to support participants in securing unsubsidized employment.

Effects on long-term benefit receipt

$404

Decrease long-term benefit receipt

Education and training

Education and training

RecycleForce had the largest effects on education and training (increasing the attainment of a degree or credential by an average of 24 percentage points). RecycleForce sought to help formerly incarcerated individuals reenter the workforce by placing them in transitional jobs at social enterprises, where they received job training, work experience, and support from peer mentors.

Bridges to Pathways (Bridges)

Intervention (standard name)

The Bridges program offered a multi-phase program focused on four main service areas: academic enrichment, socio-emotional learning (SEL), workforce readiness training, and mentorship and case management services. Participants began the program by attending a group orientation session and taking the Test of Adult Basic Education and an online financial training. Following the financial training, participants began the first of three phases of Bridges services.

Milwaukee Safe Street Prisoner Release Initiative (PRI)

Six months before justice-involved adults were scheduled for release from prison, individuals were transferred to one of two facilities in Racine, WI. In these facilities, social workers would provide case management workups, which included an assessment of needs; risks; child support; credit; and personal documentation issues, such as a lack of driver’s license or Social Security number.

Minnesota’s Work Release Program—Minnesota Department of Corrections

Through this program, people who were incarcerated were released early, transferred to a residential facility, and required to find employment. If participants had difficulty finding work, the program referred them to community resources that helped develop job-search skills. The average participant took part in work release for slightly more than four months. This program served people who were incarcerated and who were assessed for low recidivism risk, had served at least half of their prison sentence, and were within eight months of their release date.

EMPLOY

Intervention (standard name)

Before release, participants who were incarcerated received 16 hours of job search training and additional job search assistance from job training and job development specialists. In the week before release, participants were assigned a retention specialist and received a portfolio with a resume, an EMPLOY program certification, job leads, and additional supports such as bus fare and clothing for interviews. Retention specialists conducted 4 follow-up meetings with participants over the 12-month period after their release.

About Face (AF) plus Individual Placement and Support (IPS) (as compared to AF only)

AF was a small-group, one-week program in which participants (veterans with felony histories) described their work aspirations, drafted resumes, and discussed employment challenges. After AF, participants moved into IPS, a program founded on a set of core principles—including small caseloads and rapid job searches—with the intention of helping people find and keep jobs. During IPS, supported employment specialists (SESs) provided individual job search services and worked with local employers to find positions for participants.