Adults (age 25+)

Earnings

Earnings

Work Advancement and Support Center (WASC) Demonstration had the largest effects on long-term annual earnings (an average of $6,415 per year). The WASC Demonstration delivered integrated, intensive retention and advancement services and financial work supports to workers with low wages and reemployed dislocated workers to fill gaps in services available to them and help them advance and increase their incomes.

These are the five interventions with the largest effects. See Exhibit 1 for all interventions.
Employment

Employment

Jobs-First Greater Avenues for Independence (GAIN) Program had the largest effects on long-term employment (an average of 6 percentage points). Jobs-First GAIN emphasized a rapid employment strategy to help recipients of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) improve their earnings and employment outcomes. 

These are the five interventions with the largest effects. See Exhibit 1 for all interventions.
Public benefit receipt

Public benefit receipt

Parent Success Initiative (PSI) had the largest effects on long-term benefit receipt (decreasing the amount of public benefits received by $629 per year). PSI provided noncustodial parents with low incomes support in finding work with the goal of improving participants’ employment skills and ability to pay child support.

Effects on long-term benefit receipt

Parent Success Initiative (PSI)
$629

Decrease long-term benefit receipt

Education and training

Education and training

Good Transitions had the largest effects on education and training (increasing the attainment of a degree or credential by an average of 15 percentage points). Good Transitions served noncustodial parents with low income by providing subsidized employment combined with case management and training to help them connect to stable employment.

These are the five interventions with the largest effects. See Exhibit 1 for all interventions.

Riverside Human Capital Development (HCD) Program

Intervention (standard name)
Riverside Human Capital Development (HCD) Program

The HCD program implemented in Riverside, CA, stressed that participants should spend time receiving education or training to prepare for good jobs. If participants did not have a high school diploma or general education diploma, the program provided basic education classes in the public school system to help participants make progress toward their goals (such as increasing their literacy level). Case managers were accountable for the employment and education outcomes of their clients and therefore encouraged success and emphasized and enforced program participation.

Sector-Focused Career Centers at the Center for Economic Opportunity

Intervention (standard name)
Sector-Focused Career Centers at the Center for Economic Opportunity

Sector-focused career centers also aimed to alter the way that employers recruit, pay, and promote workers. Local employers in each industry helped design the centers to ensure that they addressed the specific skills workers need in that sector. The Center for Economic Opportunity operated three sector-focused career centers: Workforce1 Transportation Career Center, Workforce1 Manufacturing Career Center, and Workforce1 Healthcare Career Center, each through partnerships with multiple community employers.

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