Throughout the program, intervention group participants lived in Project H&ART residences. In the first two-month phase, participants attended group and individual therapy (one to two sessions per week), art therapy, psychodrama, group education classes, and weekly recreational events. Intervention participants also attended AA or NA meetings daily, which was required. In the second two-month phase, intervention group participants primarily received case management, which encouraged them to search for employment and to develop soft skills.

Participants in the Housing Without Peer Support program were provided with community-based housing (apartment- or motel-based) and subject to random alcohol and drug testing. Participants were also required to monitor their use of substance abuse and rehabilitation services, as well as other services received in the community, twice per week. Services were generally unsupervised.

The intervention housed participants in substance- and cost-free Project H&ART residences. Residence managers who were themselves recovering from substance use disorders provided participants with support. They encouraged participants to set personal goals and build peer support networks. Participants were required to (1) remain alcohol and drug free (as determined by random drug tests), (2) attend weekly community meetings, and (3) inform residence managers twice weekly about any other community services received.

The intervention housed participants in substance- and cost-free Project H&ART residences. Residence managers who were themselves recovering from substance use disorders provided participants with support, encouraged them to set personal goals, and helped them build peer support networks. Participants were required to (1) remain alcohol and drug free (as determined by random drug tests), (2) attend weekly community meetings, and (3) inform residence managers twice weekly about any other community services received.

Throughout the program, intervention group participants lived in Project H&ART residences. In the first two-month phase, participants attended group and individual therapy (one to two sessions per week), art therapy, psychodrama, group education classes, and weekly recreational events. Intervention participants also attended AA or NA meetings daily, which was required. In the second two-month phase, intervention group participants primarily received case management, which encouraged them to search for employment and to develop soft skills.

Continuous Treatment Team provided participants with an unlimited amount of community-based services and an individualized plan to address their specific needs. Clinical case managers worked closely with clients to create their individualized plan; address their health needs; and help them access housing, transportation, and money management services. The service population included adults without housing who had a severe psychiatric disorder; no history of violent behavior; and an intention to stay in the St. Louis, MO, area for the duration of the study.

Continuous Treatment Team provided participants with an unlimited amount of community-based services and an individualized plan to address their specific needs. Clinical case managers worked closely with clients to create their individualized plan; address their health needs; and help them access housing, transportation, and money management services. The service population included adults without housing who had a severe psychiatric disorder; no history of violent behavior; and an intention to stay in the St. Louis, MO, area for the duration of the study.

The NOHSAP-TC program served adults experiencing homelessness and substance use disorders in the greater New Orleans area. Only people who completed a seven-day detoxification program in the NOHSAP facility could enroll in TC. The detoxification program involved daily group meetings, limited assessment and case management, and an introduction to principles from Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, and Cocaine Anonymous. During the TC program, participants were housed in the NOHSAP residential facility.