Earnings

Earnings

Project-Based Transitional Housing (PBTH) (as compared with Permanent Housing Subsidy [SUB]) had the largest effects on long-term annual earnings (an average of $2,594 per year). PBTH was a housing initiative that gave families temporary, subsidized housing and case management, with the goal of helping them obtain permanent housing. This evaluation directly compared PBTH with a separate intervention, SUB, to better understand which of the two interventions might be more effective; the distinctive feature of PBTH is that families received temporary subsidized housing.

These are the five interventions with the largest effects. See Exhibit 1 for all interventions.
Employment

Employment

Project-Based Transitional Housing (PBTH) (as compared with Permanent Housing Subsidy [SUB]) had the largest effects on long-term employment (an average of 2 percentage points). PBTH was a housing initiative that gave families temporary, subsidized housing and case management, with the goal of helping them obtain permanent housing. This evaluation directly compared PBTH with a separate intervention, SUB, to better understand which of the two interventions might be more effective; the distinctive feature of PBTH is that families received temporary subsidized housing.

These are the five interventions with the largest effects. See Exhibit 1 for all interventions.
Public benefit receipt

Public benefit receipt

Permanent Housing Subsidy (SUB) (as compared with Project-Based Transitional Housing [PBTH]) had the largest effects on long-term benefit receipt (decreasing the amount of public benefits received by $41 per year). SUB aimed to provide housing stability for families as a means to improving their economic outcomes. This evaluation directly compared SUB with a separate intervention, PBTH, to better understand which of the two interventions might be more effective; the distinctive feature of SUB is that it provided permanent assistance with housing rental costs through state or local public housing agencies (PHAs).

Effects on long-term benefit receipt

Permanent Housing Subsidy (SUB) (as compared with Project-Based Transitional Housing [PBTH])
$41

Decrease long-term benefit receipt

Cognitive Behavioral Day Treatment Plus Abstinence-Contingent Housing, Vocational Training, and Work

Intervention (standard name)
Cognitive Behavioral Day Treatment Plus Abstinence-Contingent Housing, Vocational Training, and Work

Cognitive Behavioral Day Treatment Plus Abstinence-Contingent Housing, Vocational Training, and Work provided abstinence-contingent housing, paid employment training, and daily cognitive behavioral treatment to individuals experiencing homelessness and cocaine dependency in Birmingham, AL. The program transported participants from program-provided housing to job training, job interviews, and work sites.

Behavioral Day Treatment Plus Abstinence-Contingent Housing and Work Therapy (DT+) (as compared with Behavioral Day Treatment Alone [DT])

Intervention (standard name)
Behavioral Day Treatment Plus Abstinence-Contingent Housing and Work Therapy (DT+) (as compared with Behavioral Day Treatment Alone [DT])

The DT+ intervention served people experiencing homelessness who had (1) a diagnosis of cocaine or multisubstance dependence that included cocaine use and (2) a coexisting nonpsychotic mental disorder. Participants had access to (1) eight weeks of behavioral day treatment, including lunch and transportation, followed by weekly group therapy; (2) housing; (3) support with setting goals related to employment and housing; (4) vocational counseling; and (5) referrals to job opportunities.

At Home/Chez Soi Project with Intensive Case Management (ICM)

Intervention (standard name)
At Home/Chez Soi Project with Intensive Case Management (ICM)

This program was part of a four-year demonstration project and provided immediate housing placement to adults who were experiencing homelessness, had a mental illness, and were assessed as having moderate needs. Participants received rent subsidies and contributed no more than 30 percent of their income toward housing. They also received support from ICM teams, who worked to connect them with health and other services. ICM services were available 12 hours a day, 7 days a week.

At Home/Chez Soi Project with Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)

Intervention (standard name)
At Home/Chez Soi Project with Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)

This program was part of a four-year demonstration project and provided immediate housing placement to adults who were experiencing homelessness, had a mental illness, and were assessed as having high needs. Participants received rent subsidies and contributed no more than 30 percent of their income toward housing. They also received support from multidisciplinary ACT teams, which included a psychiatrist, nurse, and peer specialist, among others. Participants met with a member of the ACT team at least once per week, and the team provided round-the-clock crisis coverage.

Rent-Free Non-Abstinence-Contingent Housing (as compared with Rent-Free Abstinence-Contingent Housing)

Intervention (standard name)
Rent-Free Non-Abstinence-Contingent Housing (as compared with Rent-Free Abstinence-Contingent Housing)

This program provided housing and services for adults experiencing homelessness with cocaine dependency and nonpsychotic mental disorders. The intervention was delivered in two phases:

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