24968.03R-Study of Los Angeles
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Earnings
Per Scholas Sectoral Employment Program had the largest effects on long-term annual earnings (an average of $7,509 per year). Per Scholas provided a computer technician training program, internships, soft skills training, and supportive services to participants with low incomes. The program aimed to help participants obtain computer certification and find jobs in the information technology sector.
Employment
Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training (I-BEST) had the largest effects on long-term employment (an average of 7 percentage points). I-BEST helped workers with low skills develop basic skills and receive occupational credentials.
Public benefit receipt
Portland Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training Program (JOBS) had the largest effects on long-term benefit receipt (decreasing the amount of public benefits received by $653 per year). The Portland version of JOBS, a national program model enacted through the Family Support Act of 1988 to support recipients of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in finding a job, focused on quickly moving participants into any employment, while also encouraging them to search for higher paying jobs with benefits.
Effects on long-term benefit receipt
$653
Decrease long-term benefit receipt
Education and training
Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training (I-BEST) had the largest effects on education and training (increasing the attainment of a degree or credential by an average of 30 percentage points). I-BEST helped workers with low skills develop basic skills and receive occupational credentials.
Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment and Support Act (ADATSA)—Chemical Dependency Treatment and Vocational Services (as compared with Chemical Dependency Treatment Only)
Intervention (standard name)
Participants received chemical dependency treatment that included assistance reintegrating into the community, follow-up care and services, and financial support. Participants also received vocational rehabilitation services, such as aptitude testing, vocational counseling, job search assistance, and the opportunity to participate in one of three training programs established by ADATSA.
Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment and Support
Intervention (standard name)
Participants received chemical dependency treatment that included assistance reintegrating into the community, follow up care and services, and financial support. Participants also received various vocational rehabilitation services that included aptitude testing, vocational counseling, job search assistance, additional substance abuse treatment, and the opportunity to participate in one of three training programs established by ADATSA.
The San Diego Saturation Work Initiative Model (SWIM)
Intervention (standard name)
The sequence of required activities began with a two-week job search workshop. Next, participants completed three months of unpaid work experience (typically 20 to 30 hours per week) with concurrent job club sessions every other week, followed by assessments and referrals to outside education or training programs, if necessary. Part-time employment could substitute for some SWIM activities. People were placed in SWIM if they were applying for or receiving AFDC benefits from participating AFDC offices and met criteria for required participation.
Community Connections Individual Placement and Support (IPS) (as compared to Enhanced Vocational Rehabilitation [EVR])
Intervention (standard name)
IPS gave people ongoing support to find work based on their own preferences, a vocational assessment, and job development. Employment specialists gave individualized support to participants as well as counseling and help with transportation. There was no time limit on IPS services; employment support was given as needed. IPS was provided to unemployed individuals who were living in an urban neighborhood that was low income and who had severe mental disorders that kept them from finding employment for at least two years.
Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training (I-BEST)
Intervention (standard name)
I-BEST offered occupational training courses in a variety of areas, including allied health, welding, and clerical fields. I-BEST integrated basic skills and occupational training through the use of a team teaching model whereby a basic skills and occupational instructor team taught (for at least 50 percent of class time) an occupational training course.