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For the study, navigators recruited people receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and other people served by organizations providing services to workers with low incomes. Interested applicants first met with a navigator and then had to research an occupation of interest, conduct an informational interview with a potential employer, and complete academic and nonacademic assessments. During this intake process, navigators also initiated background checks and verified participant eligibility (people had to have been TANF recipients; have income below 175 percent of the federal poverty line; or have an extenuating circumstance, such as a disability limiting their work). After the navigator confirmed an individual's eligibility, the individual completed baseline and consent forms and was randomly assigned. Random assignment occurred from September 2012 to December 2014, with 654 eligible applicants assigned to the intervention group (328 participants) or the comparison group (326 participants).
People were randomly assigned from September 2012 to December 2014, and their outcomes were measured at 18 months and 3 years following random assignment.
ACF, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Study participants were mostly female (85 percent). Most had a high school diploma or GED (87 percent), and many also had some postsecondary education (57 percent). About half were Black (51 percent), 29 percent were White, and 13 percent were Hispanic or Latino of any race. About 30 percent were employed at the time of random assignment.
TRAC Associates, a for-profit employment and training company in western Washington State
In 2010, the Workforce Development Council of Seattle-King County received a grant to launch and operate Health Careers for All. The program operated from 2010 to 2016, and the Workforce Development Council implemented a modified version of the program, called Health Workforce for the Future, beginning in 2016.
The Health Careers for All program aimed to provide services to people who had low incomes and were interested in careers in health care. People in the program could access three levels of occupational training (structured using a career pathways approach), with courses at community and technical colleges funded through Individual Training Accounts or as free course packages open only to program participants. During and immediately after training, participants could receive financial support for expenses such as transportation and one-time, unexpected costs. People were also offered employment assistance, including job clubs, job search assistance, and access to a job developer. Finally, throughout the program, navigators provided case management services, including guidance and advice on employment, academic, and nonacademic issues and coordination.
People in the comparison condition received business-as-usual services, including access to potential funding for occupational training through TANF and the Workforce Development Council of Seattle-King County (which developed the intervention).
None
Trainings varied in length. On average, participants spent about five months in a training program.
ACF, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
The program took place at an employment services community-based organization in King County, WA, which includes Seattle.
Psychosocial skills, life stressors, family formation, career knowledge and support, family economic well-being, parental engagement, and child well-being