The employment intervention for justice-involved and substance-dependent adults offered 26 weeks of employment services, case management, and life-skills training by trained clinicians with experience in employment and substance abuse counseling. The intervention was offered in three sequential phases. The first phase, offered for four to five weeks, consisted of five one-on-one and five group sessions focused on obtaining immediate employment and initiating case management services.

The DT+ intervention served people experiencing homelessness who had (1) a diagnosis of cocaine or multisubstance dependence that included cocaine use and (2) a coexisting nonpsychotic mental disorder. Participants had access to (1) eight weeks of behavioral day treatment, including lunch and transportation, followed by weekly group therapy; (2) housing; (3) support with setting goals related to employment and housing; (4) vocational counseling; and (5) referrals to job opportunities.

EfA provided vocational English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL), including lessons focused on answering job interview questions, communicating in the workplace, and finding a job. EfA participants attended classes for 2 to 12 months, depending on their skill and education level. About 24 months after the program’s start, evaluators followed up with participants to assess participants’ employment and earnings.

Intervention participants received a combination of site-specific services, including enhanced student supportive services (money or vouchers to fund child care, transportation, or other supports to help clients engage in their program), basic academic development, student peer cohorts, and job-search assistance.

C2C was a community college consortium designed to develop and provide education and training to prepare unemployed, underemployed, and displaced workers to take on jobs in science, technology, engineering, and math industries. Participants in Shoreline Community College’s local C2C program enrolled in machinist training programs such as the Machine Maintenance Certificate and Quality Assurance Certificate programs. Career navigators led work-readiness activities focused on job placement and building relationships with employers, as well as soft-skills coaching.

C2C was a community college consortium designed to develop and provide education and training to prepare unemployed, underemployed, and displaced workers to take on jobs in science, technology, engineering, and math industries. Northern Virginia Community College’s (NOVA’s) local C2C program, called NOVA’s IT Pathway, led to credentials and careers in IT-related fields. The program was implemented by NOVA and its strategic community and business partners.