ICM provided participants with case managers who identified barriers to entry into substance use disorder treatment, such as childcare, transportation, and housing problems, and addressed those barriers. While participants were in treatment, case managers met with them weekly and coordinated with treatment facility staff to provide other needed services. Participants received vouchers for items such as children's toys or cosmetics as an incentive to participate in treatment. Participants received case management services for 24 months.

The HWVP provided case management services and mental health RT to women veterans who were homeless or at risk of becoming homeless. The study authors defined RT as “a program that houses clients in a central location and provides clinical and social services to the clients while they are resident[s].” The program was implemented in eleven Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers across the United States. The specific clinical and rehabilitation services varied by center, though all provided stable, safe housing and support from professional staff.

Intervention participants received a combination of site-specific services, including enhanced student supportive services (money or vouchers to fund child care, transportation, or other supports to help clients engage in their program), basic academic development, student peer cohorts, and job-search assistance.

C2C was a community college consortium designed to develop and provide education and training to prepare unemployed, underemployed, and displaced workers to take on jobs in science, technology, engineering, and math industries. Northern Virginia Community College’s (NOVA’s) local C2C program, called NOVA’s IT Pathway, led to credentials and careers in IT-related fields. The program was implemented by NOVA and its strategic community and business partners.

This program was part of a four-year demonstration project and provided immediate housing placement to adults who were experiencing homelessness, had a mental illness, and were assessed as having moderate needs. Participants received rent subsidies and contributed no more than 30 percent of their income toward housing. They also received support from ICM teams, who worked to connect them with health and other services. ICM services were available 12 hours a day, 7 days a week.

The DHA’s HOP provided case management, education, and supportive services to build families’ financial assets, promote economic self-sufficiency, and increase rates of home ownership. In the first stage of services, HOP worked alongside other DHA programs to help households reduce debt, manage credit, find or retain employment, and increase savings.