Earnings

Earnings

Second Chance Act (SCA) Adult Demonstration had the largest effects on long-term annual earnings (an average of $6,233 per year). The SCA Adult Demonstration Program aimed to reduce recidivism among adults who were recently incarcerated and were assessed as being at medium or high risk of recidivism. The program provided reentry services, including case management, education and training, employment assistance, treatment for substance use disorder, and mental health services.

Employment

Employment

Second Chance Act (SCA) Adult Demonstration had the largest effects on long-term employment (an average of 3 percentage points). The SCA Adult Demonstration Program aimed to reduce recidivism among adults who were recently incarcerated and were assessed as being at medium or high risk of recidivism. The program provided reentry services, including case management, education and training, employment assistance, treatment for substance use disorder, and mental health services.

Education and training

Education and training

Bridges to Pathways (Bridges) had the largest effects on education and training (increasing the attainment of a degree or credential by an average of 4 percentage points). Bridges offered educational services and subsidized internships to help Chicago male youth with previous justice system involvement earn a GED and find employment.

Post-Release Intensive Case Management (ICM) for Reentering Women

Through ICM, case managers worked with participants who were incarcerated to determine their needs and goals and to establish reentry plans for support after release. After participants’ release from prison, case managers connected them to mental and physical health treatment, employment, education, and housing services. Participants had access to 24-hour case management and no limits on the duration of participation. Mental and physical health treatment services included mental health, substance abuse, and medical and dental treatment.

Prison-Based Adult Basic Education (ABE)

Intervention (standard name)

ABE provided participants with basic education services. For participants who were reading below a ninth-grade level at program entry, the services focused on elevating their reading skills. If a participant was already at or achieved a ninth-grade reading level during the program, they attended adult secondary education classes focused on preparation for GED exams. Participants also took literacy and cognitive life skills classes. A participant could enroll in one or more ABE classes, which varied in duration.

Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Justice-Involved Individuals Seeking Employment (CBI-Emp)

CBI-Emp offers 31 group sessions developed by the University of Cincinnati Corrections Institute, including skill- and application-based sessions. The intervention primarily supported soft skills development. Skill-based sessions taught participants positive social skills to manage employment challenges, and application sessions provided participants with support for building individual plans for success in the workplace.

Next Generation of Enhanced Employment Strategies Project

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To further build the evidence around effective strategies for helping individuals with low incomes find and sustain employment, OPRE contracted with Mathematica to conduct the Next Generation of Enhanced Employment Strategies (NextGen) Project. This project will identify and test innovative, promising employment interventions designed to help individuals facing complex challenges secure a pathway toward economic independence. These challenges may be physical and mental health conditions, substance misuse, a criminal history, or limited work skills and experience.

Employment Intervention for Justice-Involved and Substance-Dependent Adults

The employment intervention for justice-involved and substance-dependent adults offered 26 weeks of employment services, case management, and life-skills training by trained clinicians with experience in employment and substance abuse counseling. The intervention was offered in three sequential phases. The first phase, offered for four to five weeks, consisted of five one-on-one and five group sessions focused on obtaining immediate employment and initiating case management services.

Clean Slate Clinic

Intervention (standard name)

The Clean Slate Clinic provided services to people with criminal records to help them remove some or all items listed in their criminal records that job applicants are required to disclose as part of their employment applications. A lawyer obtained the client’s records of arrests and prosecutions (known as a rap sheet), reviewed the records to identify arrests and convictions that might be eligible to be cleared from the client’s criminal history, and then submitted a petition on behalf of the client for all eligible items.